Nitrogen (N₂) Technical Specifications | Physical Properties, Standards & Applications
Nitrogen (N₂) is one of the most widely used industrial gases, applied in both gaseous and liquid form across various industries. This page reviews the physical, chemical, and technical characteristics of nitrogen.
- Inert, odorless, colorless, and non-flammable gas
- Boiling point: −196°C
- Density at standard conditions: 1.165 kg/m³
- Critical pressure: 33.5 bar
- Purity up to 99.999%
- Used in food, pharmaceutical, steel, and research industries
Nitrogen (N₂) Technical Specifications and Physical Properties
Nitrogen is an inert, odorless, non-flammable gas that makes up about 78% of the Earth’s atmosphere. In industry, nitrogen is produced in various purity levels and supplied in both gaseous and liquid forms.
Physical Properties of Nitrogen
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | N₂ |
| Molecular Weight | 28.0134 g/mol |
| Density at 1 atm & 15°C | 1.165 kg/m³ |
| Boiling Point | −195.8°C |
| Melting Point | −210°C |
| Critical Pressure | 33.5 bar |
| Critical Temperature | −147°C |
| Industrial Purity | 99.9% |
| Laboratory Purity | 99.999% |
Nitrogen Grades
- Industrial Grade: For welding, cutting, inerting.
- Food Grade: For modified-atmosphere packaging (MAP) and quick freezing (IQF).
- Medical Grade: For hospitals and anesthesia equipment.
- Laboratory Grade: For research and analytical instruments.
Storage & Supply Conditions
- Cylinders: 150–200 bar
- Liquid Nitrogen (LN₂): −196°C in double-walled vacuum-insulated tanks
- Bulk Systems: 5,000 to 60,000 liters
Standards
ISO 14175 – ISO 21029 – EN 1089-3 – EIGA Doc 70/17
Safety Notes
Nitrogen is non-toxic but can displace oxygen in confined spaces. When handling liquid nitrogen, use insulated protective clothing and ensure proper ventilation.
Technical Specifications
| Purity | 99.9% – 99.999% |
|---|---|
| Grade | صنعتی, پزشکی, آزمایشگاهی, صنایع غذایی |
| Delivery Pressure | Up to 200 bar (cylinders) / 10–20 bar (liquid or bulk systems) bar |
| Storage / Boiling Point | -196°C °C |
| Valve / Connection Type | DIN 477-6 / CGA580 / BS3 |
| Standards | ISO 14175, ISO 21029, EN 1089-3, EIGA 70/17 |
Safety & Downloads
Nitrogen in its gaseous state is non-toxic, but it can reduce the oxygen concentration in the environment and cause asphyxiation. In its liquid form, direct contact with the skin can lead to severe frostbite. Proper ventilation, leak control, and the use of protective equipment are essential.
FAQ
What special property does nitrogen have?
Nitrogen is an inert and stable gas; it does not react easily in most chemical processes.
What is the difference between industrial and laboratory nitrogen?
They differ in grade and purity level; laboratory grade is purified up to 99.999%.
Is nitrogen flammable?
No. Nitrogen is non-flammable and is used as an inert gas.
Why is nitrogen used in food packaging?
Because it is inert and prevents oxidation of materials.
Is nitrogen dangerous?
In confined spaces, nitrogen can displace oxygen and cause oxygen deficiency, but it is not toxic by itself.
How is nitrogen stored?
In high-pressure steel cylinders or in double-walled vacuum-insulated cryogenic tanks (LN₂ Tanks).
